S. C. Joshi

Abstract

1980 onwards experimental aerial seeding was done in M.P., U.P. RaJasthan, Western Ghats of Maharashtra and Arunachal Pradesh. Species tried were Prosopis juliflora. Acacia nilotica. Dalbergia sissao, Holloptelea integrifolia, Acacia catechu and Bamboo. Survey in Chambal area where average number of seedling was found to be 1034 and 1538 in Agra and Dholpur areas respectively reveals that the technique can be considered fairly satisfactory. However, only Prosopis juliflora has responded favourably to this technique. In Western Ghat of Maharashtra 30% germination of Bamboo is reported. The advantages of the technique are that it can quickly cover remote, difficult and extensive area and is less expensive. Extension of the technique to other parts with few more suitable species, strict quality control of seeds is snggested.

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M. S. Tomar , S. C. Joshi

Abstract

In spite of lack of reliable growing stock and demand information, an attempt has been made to estimate for each district of Madhya Pradesh the existing wood resources, the local demands for fuel wood and timber, projected demands by 2000 A.D. and the additional plantation area needed to meet the growing demand. The total standing volume in M.P. is estimated to be around 589 million m² and the expected annual cut-put is nearly 12.34 million m². The total estimated local demands for the entire State are placed at 9.58 million m² of fuelwood and 1.2 million m² of timber, showing a surplus Of 1.64 million m². The projected demand by 2000 A.D. is nearly 20 million m² with an espected deficit of 8 million m². Out of 45 distrcts, the 26 districts are already deficit and by end of the present century their number would swell to 39. In order to meet the projected deficit, a total area of 19630 km² @ 854 km² per year has to be brought under fuelwood plantation under Social Forestry programme. The annual cost for raising such plantations in the entire state will be around Rs. 128 million. The employment potential for about 60,000 person is expected to be generated. Priority for R & D Programme and importance of remote sensing technique. For survey and mapping of all wastelands, that can be made available for energy plantations, have been indicated. The need for collecting more reliable informationson various aspects has been highlighted.

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S. C. Joshi , M. S. Tomar

Abstract

The paper summarises the results of a pilot study carried out in Vidisha Forest Division for studying relative efficiency of three fixed-size plota vis-a-vis point sampling with wedge prism of BAF 1. Measurements were recorded on 37 sample locations on a set of 3 fixed-size plots (square) of 0.05, O.10 and 0.125 ha along with basal area tally. Aerial photographs were used preliminary stratification and plots were confined to wood forest. In terms of cost effectiveness, amongst the three fixed plots tested, the smallest sampling unit of 0.05 ha was 1.51 and 1.68 times more efficient than O.10 and 0.125 ha plots respectively with respect to gross volume. Point sampling, however, proved to be 1.64, 2.56 and 1.07 time. More efficient over fixed plot of 0.05 ha in relation to gross volume, teak volume and total number of stems/ha respectively. Basal area tally and volume showed a strong linear relationships which can be directly applied for volume estimation even for small areas such as coupes, compartments, felling series, etc, thereby resulting in considerable saving of cost and time, particularly in working plan surveys.

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E. Van , S. C. Joshi

Abstract

Aerial photographs can be used in forestry for the following purposes:- 1. Mapping of forest types. 2. Stratification for sampling. 3. Direct volume estimations. 4. General planning. It has been experienced that the best use of aerial photographs in India is in mapping and stratification. The recognition of individual tree species on the aerial photographs is rather difficult and the irregular shape of many trees limits the use for direct volume estimations on the photographs. Though two economically important species of tropical forests, Tectona grandis and Shorea robusta can easily be interpreted if photographed in the right season, recognition of other species is difficult if not impossible. This means that the best approach remains a stratification of the forest in recognisable forest types and sub-stratification in height and density classes. Mapping can be done on this basis. Sampling, based on photo-stratification can gain considerable efficiency over ground methods as experienced by Pre-Investment Survey of Forest Resources Organisation in their inventory survey in East Godavari region.

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S. C. Joshi

Abstract

Over an area of 4032 Hectar in Lachhiwala forests, forest survey aiming at forest type mapping and area assessment with aerial photographs was carried out in March 1971. Even using old aerial photographs on 1:27500 scale, it was possible to make a forest type map of the area. After stratification field checking for mis-interpretation was also taken up and it was found that out of 39 points which were interpreted as Sal type 37 were correctly interpreted and in case of miscellaneous type out of 9 points only one point was mis-interpreted. Using stastical methods errors in area proportions due to mis-interpretation were worked out and it was found that in Sal type errors due to mis-interpretation were of the order of 4.85% whereas in miscellaneous it went up to 23.56%.

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S. C. Joshi

Abstract

Ground and photo-measurements on 51 sample plots scattered over an area of 2182 hectares in West Bastar Forest Division were taken during February to June 1972. The ground plot-volume was calculated on the basis of diameter measurements of individual trees using P.I.S. local volume equations for various miscellaneous species. The ground-plot-volume was then correlated with the photo-plot measurements/estimates of plot-heights and density respectively. The analysis indicates that a significant correlation exists between the ground-plot-volume and the photo variables.

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S. C. Joshi ¹, V. Bhardwaj ²

Affiliations
1 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Sikkim Unit, Post Box-24, Pangthang-Gangtok, East Sikkim - 737 101, Sikkim, IN
2 G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Sikkim Unit, Post Box- 24, Pangthang-Gangtok, East Sikkim - 737 101, Sikkim, IN

Abstract

Olive oil is highly valued vegetable oil in the world over because of its nutritional and medicinal qualities. Various efforts including introduction of Olea europaea and its cultivars to various other parts of the world suitable for their cultivation are being made to meet increasing demand for olive oil. Olea ferruginea Royle, locally known as Kahu in north west Himalaya and Bairbanj in Garhwal Himalaya, is a multipurpose, zero waste evergreen tree species as it yields a number of useful items including quality fodder, fuelwood, timber, and has medicinal properties. The present study was undertaken to find out whether or not O. ferruginea could be used as a source of olive oil. Four populations of O. ferruginea (Kolibehar, Saioond and Kais) from Kullu district and (Thalaut) from Mandi district were selected as the sources of fruits and seeds. The olive oil contents in the fruits varied from 20.00% to 27.40%, and the oil content was maximum in the fruits of Thalaut population and minimum in the Kolibehar population. The olive oil content in the seeds varied from 7.50% to 12.50%; the oil content was the highest in the seeds of the Thalaut population and the lowest in the Saioond population. The fatty acid composition of the fruit oil showed that the oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (range 63-68%) and unsaturated fatty acids (range 79-84%) and poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids (range 14-17%) and saturated fatty acids (range 16-21%). These values are similar to those reported for wild populations and various other cultivars of O. europaea. Based on the oil content data it may be suggested that the fruits of O. ferruginea may be a potential source of olive oil.

Keywords

Olea ferruginea, Kahu, Multipurpose Tree, Olive Oil, Fatty Acid Composition.

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